Voice change rules Bangla

Active to Passive Voice rules

Rule: a) Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হিসেবে বসে।

b) Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।

c) মূল verb এর past participle form হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

 Indefinite Tense

A) Present indefinite – am, is, are.
b) Past indefinite – was, were.
c) Future indefinite – shall be, will be.

Continuous Tense

a) Present Continuous- am being, is being, are being.

b) Past Continuous – was being, were being

c) Future Continuous - shall be being, will be being.

Perfect Tense

a) Present Perfect – has been, have been.
b) Past Perfect- had been.
c) Future Perfect- shall have been, will have been.

Rule: a) Present indefinite tense যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive Voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Object + am/is/are + V3+ by + subject.

1. Active: I play badminton.
Passive: Badminton is played by me.

b) Present continuous tense যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Object + am being/is being/are being + V3+ by + subject.

1. Active: I am playing badminton.
Passive: Badminton is being played by me.

c) Present perfect tense যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Object + have been/ has been + V3+ by + subject.

1. Active: He has eaten rice.
Passive: Rice has been eaten by him.

D) past indefinite tense যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Object + was/were + V3+ by + subject.

1. Active: He ate rice.
Passive: Rice was eaten by him.

e) Past continuous tense যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Object + was being/were being + V3+ by + subject.

1. Active:: He was eating rice.
Passive: Rice was being eaten by him.

f) Past perfect tense যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Object + had been + V3+ by + subject.

1. Active: He had eaten rice.
Passive: Rice had been eaten by him.

g)  Future indefinite tense যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive  voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Object + shall be/will be + V3+ by + subject.

1. Active: He will be eating rice.

Passive: Rice will be eaten by him.

h)  Future Continuous Tense যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Object + shall be being/will be being + V3+ by + subject.

1. Active: He will be eating rice.
Passive: Rice will be being eaten by him.

I) Future Perfect Tense যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Object + shall have been /will have been + V3+ by + subject.

1. Active: He will have eaten rice.
Passive: Rice will have been eaten by him.

Rules 4: can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must, ought to, going to, (to be) to, have to, has to, had to, Let active voice কে Passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Object + can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must, ought to, going to, (to be) to, have to, has to, had to, এর পরে be + V3+ by + subject.

1. Active: I may help you.
Passive: you may be helped by me.

2. Active: you must do the work.
Passive: The work must be done by you.

Voice Change Shortcut Rules

Active Voice	Passive Voice
V1	am/is/are +V3
V2	was/were +V3
am/is/are/was/were/shall be/will be +V1+ing	being+V3
have/has/had/shall have/will have+V3	been+V3
can/could/shall/should/will/would/may/ might/must/need/dare/ought to/let etc	be + V3

Rule 5: Double object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Object (personal object) + auxiliary verb + V3 + 2^nd object/ complement + by + subject.

Active: I gave him a pen.

Passive: He was given a pen by me.

Imperative Sentence

Rule 6: Imperative sentence এর active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-         

Structure:  Active: V1 + object.
                   

Passive: Let + Object + be + V3.

1. Active: Open the door.
Passive: Let the door be opened.

B) Structure: Active: Do not + V1 + object.
                         Passive: Let not + object + be + V3.

1. Active: Do not open the door.
Passive: Let not the door be opened.

C) Let এর পর যদি কোন ব্যক্তিবাচক object (me, us, you, them, him, her)থাকে এবং তা যদি Imperative sentence হয়, তাহলে active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

                                 

Structure: Active: Let + object-1 + V1 +Object-2.

Passive: Let + object-2 + be + V3 + by+ ব্যক্তিবাচক object-1.

Active: Let me play badminton.
Passive: Let the badminton be played by me.

D) Never যুক্ত active voice কে passive  voice

এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Active: Never + V1 + Object.

               Passive: Let not + object + ever be + V3.

1. Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive: Let not a lie ever be told.

E) মূল verb এর পর যদি কোন ব্যক্তিবাচক object (me, us, you, them, him, her) থাকে এবং তা যদি Imperative sentence হয়, তাহলে active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Let + direct object টি বসবে

(মূল verb এর পর যে object টি থাকে+ be + v3 + for + ব্যক্তিবাচক object.

1. Active: Buy me a shirt.
Passive: let a shirt be bought for me.

Interrogative Sentence

Rule 7: A) Auxiliary Verb যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence যুক্ত কে Passive Voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

1. Passive: A.V + object + V3 + by + subject +? (For Present & Past Indefinite Tense)

2. Passive: A.V + object +A.V এর 2^nd part (be/being/been) + V3 +by + subject +?

1. Active: Did you play badminton?
Assertive: You played badminton.
Assertive এর passive: Badminton was played by you.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Was badminton played by you?

2. Active: Have you eaten rice?
Assertive: You have eaten rice.
Assertive এর passive: Rice has been eaten by you.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Has rice been eaten by you?

3. Active: Is he reading a novel?
Assertive: He is reading a novel.
Assertive এর passive: A novel is being read by him.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Is a novel being read by him?

B) Who যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure-1:  Active: Who + verb + object +?

Passive: By whom + A.V verb + object + V3 +?

Structure-2: Active: Who + Auxiliary verb +  Main Verb + object +?

Passive : By whom + A.V এর 1^st part + object + A.V এর 2^nd part (be/being/been) + V3 +?

1. Active: Who killed the snake?

Passive: By whom was the snake killed?

2. Active: Who is playing badminton?

Passive: BY whom is badminton being played?

3. Active: Who wrote this letter?
Passive: By whom was this letter written?

4. Active: Who will call him?
Passive: By whom will he be called?

5. Active: Who painted this beautiful painting?
Passive: By whom was this beautiful painting painted?

6. Active: Who invited you?
Passive: By whom are you invited?

7. Active: Who can break Lionel Messi's record?
Passive: By whom can Lionel Messi's record be broken

C) Whom যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Active: Whom + Auxiliary verb + object + main verb + ext. +?                

Passive: Who + auxiliary verb + V3 + by + object +?

1. Active: Whom did you see on the road?

Passive: who was seen by you on the road?

2. Active: Whom has the principal honoured?
Passive: Who has been honoured by the principal?

3. Active: Whom has the police arrested?
Passive: Who has been arrested by the police?

4. Active: Whom have the people elected?
Passive: Who has been elected by the people?

5. Active: Whom have the selectors selected?
Passive: Who has been selected by the selectors?

6. Active: Whom has she called?
Passive: Who has been called by her?

D) What, which, where, when, how, যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম- Structure:

Passive 01: Wh-word (except who & whom) + A.V + V3 + by + subject +?                                                                                                                 

Passive 02: Wh-word (except who & whom) + A.V + object + V3 + by + subject +? (For two object)

1. Active: What do you want?
Passive: What is wanted by you?

2. Active: Where did you find him?

Passive: Where was he found by you?

Rule 8: Reflexive object (myself, ourselves, yourselves, yourself, themselves, himself, and herself) যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Active voice এর Subject টি অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে + Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + V3 + by + Reflexive object বসবে।

Active: She hanged herself.
Passive: She was hanged by herself.

Rule 9: Cognate object এর সংজ্ঞা – কিছু Intransitive Verb তাদের সমর্থক Object নিয়ে Transitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এ ধরনের object কে Cognate object বলে। Cognate object যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Object + tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + V3 + by + subject.

Active: Rupa slept a sound sleep.
Passive: A sound sleep was slept by Rupa.

Rule 10: Negative Sentence এর Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন।

👉Negative sentence এর Active Voice কে স্বাভাবিক নিয়মে Passive Voice করার সময় am is are was were have has had shall will etc. Auxiliary verb এর পরে not বসাতে হয়।

Active: I have not given the letter.
Passive: The letter has not been given by me.

Rule 11: Complex Sentence এর Passive Voice

👉Complex Sentence এর Voice পরিবর্তনে Principal ও  Subordinate উভয় প্রকার Clause এরই পরিবর্তন করতে হয়। এরূপ ক্ষেত্রে কখনো কখনো  শুরুতে It ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

i. Active: We know that Columbus discovered America.
Passive: That America was discovered by Columbus is known to us.

Or: It is known to us that America was discovered by Columbus.

ii. Active: I know that he did the work.
Passive: It is known to me that the work was done by me.

Rule 12: Compound Sentence কে passive voice এ পরিবর্তন।

👉Compound Sentence এর Active Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত সব কয়টি Verb এর  Past Participle form, Passive Voice এ ব্যবহৃত হয়। এক্ষেত্রে প্রথম Clause এর object টি subject হিসেবে এবং Subject টি object হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

i. Active: They draft applications and type them.
Passive: Applications are drafted and typed by them.

ii. Active: They write books, print them and sell them.
Passive: Books are written, printed and sold by them.

Rule 13: One + should যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম।

Structure: Object + should + be + V3 + বাকি অংশ।

1. Active: One should take care of one's health.

Passive: Health should be taken care of.

2. Active: One should keep one's promise.
Passive: A promise should be kept.

Rule 14: There is/are + subject + infinitive (object হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত ) এরূপ ক্ষেত্রে Passive Voice হবে-

Structure: There is/are + subject (no change) + শুধু to + infinitive বদলে গিয়ে to be + past participle of the infinitive verb ব্যবহৃত হয়।

1. Active: There is no time to lose.
Passive: There is no time to be lost.

2. Active: There is no money to waste.
Passive: There is no money to be wasted.

The omission of changing Voice (কখন Passive Voice হয় না)

1. Adverbial Object যুক্ত বাক্যের Passive হয় না।

Example: 

i. I went to the market.

ii. He sleeps in the morning.

Note: Principal Verb কে Where, When and How দ্বারা প্রশ্ন করলে Adverbial Object পাওয়া যায়।

2. State Verb হিসেবে Be Verb (am, is, are, was, were) and have Verb (have, has, had) এর Passive Voice হয় না।

Example:

i. I am a student. Not I am being a student.

ii. I have a cow. Not A cow is had by me.

3. Adjective + infinitive (to + Verb) যুক্ত Active Voice এর Passive Voice হয় না।

Example:

i. Active: English is easy to learn.

Passive (Wrong): English is easy to be learnt.

ii. Active: It is quick to move

Passive (Wrong): It is quick to he moved.

4. Be + Adjective দ্বারা কোন Sentence শেষ হলে এর সাধারণত Passive Voice হয় না।

Example:

i. Active: She is beautiful.

Passive: No passive

ii. Active: Smoking is harmful.

Passive: No passive

5. নিম্নলিখিত Intransitive Verb এর Passive Voice হয় না। (Die, arrive, apologise, awake, atone, complete, complain, condole, connive, depend, occur, happen, belong, appear, disappear, consist, ensure, suit, lack, wonder, perish, refer, issue, indulge, resemble etc.)

Example:

i. He died yesterday. Not He was died yesterday.

ii. It occurred. Not It was occurred.

When passive voice is used

1 . যখন কর্তা উহ্য থাকে

Example: Effective steps have been taken.

2. কোনাে আবিষ্কার বা উদ্ভবন বােঝাতে

Example: Computer was invented by Charles Babbage.

3. কোনাে ব্যক্তির জন্মগ্রহণ করা বােঝাতে

Example: I was born in 1995.

4. কোনাে কিছুর উৎপত্তি / উৎপন্ন হওয়া বােঝাতে

Example:

i. Rice is grown in plenty in our county.

ii. Verb is derived from the word 'verbum'.

5. কাউকে অনুরােধ বা আমন্ত্রণ করতে

Example: You are requested to come.

6. কোনাে কিছুর শ্রেণিবিভাগের জন্য

Example: Tense is divided into three main parts.

7. কোনাে কিছুর সংজ্ঞা দিতে

Example: Verb is called the action word.

8. কোনাে প্রক্রিয়া বর্ণনার ক্ষেত্রে

Example: Tea is prepared from boiling water.

9. কাউকে কোনাে ব্যাপারে Order, Advice, Warning ইত্যাদি দিতে 

Example:

i. He is advised to follow the lecture.

ii. Smoking should be given up.

10. কোনাে রােগের উৎপত্তি বুঝাতে

Example: Cancer is caused by smoking.

11. কোনাে Notice বা Announcement- এর ক্ষেত্রে

Example: A discussion meeting will be held tomorrow.

12. কোনাে Report পেশ করার ক্ষেত্রে

Example: A number of political prisoners have been released .

Exceptional Voice Change

1. Active: He annoyed me.
Passive: I was annoyed with me.

2. Active: I know the man
Passive: The man is known to me.

3. Active: His behaviour surprised me.
Passive: I was surprised at his behaviour.

4. Active: The news shocked him.
Passive: He was shocked at the news.

5. Active: I saw him go.
Passive: He was seen to go by me.

6. Active: He made me do the work.
Passive: I was made to do the work by him.

7. Active: His conduct shocked me.
Passive: I was shocked at his conduct.

8. Active: Light-filled the room.
Passive: The room was filled with light.

9. Active: Her manners pleased us very much.
Passive: We were very much pleased with her manners.

10. Active: The novels of Charles Dickens interest me.
Passive: I am interested in the novels of Charles Dickens.

11. Active: Someone has stolen my purse.
Passive: My purse has been stolen.

12. Active: Circumstances obliged to go.
Passive: I was obliged to go.

13. Active: We can grain nothing without labour.
Passive: Nothing can be grained without labour.

14. Active: Why did they refuse him admittance?
Passive: Why was he refused admittance?

15. Active: We should not encourage indiscipline.
Passive: Indiscipline should not be encouraged.

16. Active: Mother looked after the girl.
Passive: The girl was looked after by mother.

17. Active: He has worked out the answer correctly.
Passive: The answer has been correctly worked out by him.

18. Active: Someone built this building in 1976.
Passive: This building was built in 1976.

19. Active: Adam presided over the meeting.
Passive: The meeting was presided over by Adam.

20. Active: People consider me honest.
Passive: I am considered honest.

21. Active: She likes people to obey her.
Passive: She likes to be obeyed by people.

22. Active: People believe that you know.
Passive: It is supposed that you know.

23. Active: We will not admit children under eight.
Passive: Children under eight will not be admitted by us.

24. Active: It is time to do your duty.
Passive: It is time for your duty to be done.

25. Active: I knew him.
Passive: He was known to me.